Internal jugular vein stenosis induced by tortuous internal …
The reported etiologies of IJVS include congenital abnormalities (IJV aplasia or hypoplasia), thrombosis, autoimmune disorders, and extrinsic compression. 1,6–9 IJV thrombosis can occur spontaneously or as a complication of surgery, central venous catheterization, head and neck infection, local malignancy, polycythemia, hyperhomocysteinemia ...
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